Blood in the urine, whether visible (macroscopic haematuria) or non-visible and found on a test, always deserves assessment, because it can be the first sign of a treatable problem, including cancer. We provide prompt, structured investigation based on risk assessment using age, gender, medical history and smoking status.
CONDITIONS
Blood in the Urine (Haematuria)
Potential Causes
• Cancer – around 20% in visible haematuria, and around 2–4% in non-visible haematuria
• Stones
• Infection
• Medications
• Prostate enlargement
Blood-thinning medication does not explain blood in the urine, and investigation is still required.
How We Diagnose the Cause
• Urine tests, including cytology and to exclude infection
• Blood tests, including kidney function
• CT urogram or ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract
• Cystoscopy (camera inspection of the bladder)
How We Treat Haematuria
• Treatment is directed at the underlying cause once it is identified
• Ongoing monitoring where no cause is found but some risk remains
